Rujukan Demokrasi tidak liberal

  1. ↑ Bonet, Lluis; Zamorano, Mariano Martín (2021). "Cultural policies in illiberal democracies: a conceptual framework based on the Polish and Hungarian governing experiences". International Journal of Cultural Policy. 27 (5): 559–573. doi:10.1080/10286632.2020.1806829.
  2. ↑ Self, Darin (2022-09-26). "Illiberal Democracies and Democratic Backsliding". obo. Dicapai pada 2023-04-26.
  3. ↑ Mounk, Yascha (2020-03-18). The People Vs. Democracy - Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-24502-0.
  4. ↑ "Illiberal Democracy and the Struggle on the Right". Journal of Democracy.
  5. ↑ Nyyssönen, Heino; Metsälä, Jussi (24 September 2020). "Liberal Democracy and its Current Illiberal Critique: The Emperor's New Clothes?". Europe-Asia Studies. 73 (2): 273–290. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1815654. Thus, there is a real danger of ‘pseudo-democracy’, especially because elections can be manipulated and often are. In these cases, elections and other democratic institutions are simply adapted patterns of authoritarianism, not democracy in some imperfect form, having the dual purpose of legitimising the incumbent’s rule and guarding it from any danger of democratic change.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Sajó 2021. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSajó2021 (help)
  7. 1 2 Wagrandl, Ulrich (2021). "A Theory of Illiberal Democracy". Routledge Handbook of Illiberalism (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Routledge. m/s. 98. ISBN 978-1-000-47945-4.
  8. ↑ Schedler, Andreas (2006). Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-58826-415-2.
  9. ↑ Diamond, Larry (April 2002). "Assessing the Quality of Democracy". Journal of Democracy. 13 (2): 51–65.
  10. ↑ DeVotta, Neil (2010). "From civil war to soft authoritarianism: Sri Lanka in comparative perspective". Global Change, Peace & Security. 22 (3): 331–343. doi:10.1080/14781158.2010.510268.
  11. ↑ Christie, Kenneth (1998). "Illiberal Democracy, Modernisation and Southeast Asia". Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory (91): 102–118. ISSN 0040-5817. JSTOR 41802094.
  12. ↑ Jones, David Martin; Jayasuriya, Kanishka; Brown, David; Bell, Daniel A. (1995). Towards Illiberal Democracy. doi:10.1057/9780230376410. ISBN 978-0-23037641-0.
  13. 1 2 Zakaria, Fareed (November–December 1997). "The Rise of Illiberal Democracy". Foreign Affairs. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 October 2005. Dicapai pada 6 July 2013.
  14. ↑ Puddington, Arch (2017). Breaking Down Democracy: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians. OCLC 989162097.
  15. ↑ Muis, Arne; van Troost, Lars, penyunting (2018). Will human rights survive illiberal democracy?. ISBN 978-906463414-7. OCLC 1041192078.
  16. ↑ Laruelle, Marlene (2022). "Illiberalism: A conceptual introduction". East European Politics. 38 (2): 303–327. doi:10.1080/21599165.2022.2037079. S2CID 247210327 Check |s2cid= value (bantuan).
  17. ↑ Gandhi, Jennifer (2008). "Introduction". Political Institutions Under Dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  18. ↑ Gandhi, Jennifer; Lust-Okar, Ellen (2009). "Elections Under Authoritarianism". Annual Review of Political Science. 12: 403–22. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060106.095434.
  19. ↑ Blaydes, Lisa (2010). Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak's Egypt. Cambridge University Press.
  20. ↑ "In political theory, an illiberal democracy is defined as one that only pays attention to elections, while it violates, in the years between elections, some core democratic principles, especially freedom of expression": Narendra Modi’s illiberal drift threatens Indian democracy, Financial Times, 18 August 2017.
  21. ↑ Diamond, Larry & Morlino Leonardo. Assessing the Quality of Democracy, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, p. xli
  22. ↑ Rocha Menocal, A., Fritz, V. & Rakner, L. "Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries Diarkibkan 2014-03-26 di Wayback Machine", South African Journal of International Affairs, 2008, 15(1), pp. 29–40
  23. ↑ Rakner, Lise (2007). Democratisation's third wave and the challenges of democratic deepening: assessing international democracy assistance and lessons learned. Advisory Board for Irish Aid. OCLC 229412697.
  24. ↑ "Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's Speech at the 25th Bálványos Summer Free University and Student Camp". 30 July 2014. And so in this sense the new state that we are constructing in Hungary is an illiberal state, a non-liberal state. It does not reject the fundamental principles of liberalism such as freedom, and I could list a few more, but it does not make this ideology the central element of state organisation, but instead includes a different, special, national approach.
  25. ↑ Simon, Zoltan (28 July 2014). "Orban Says He Seeks to End Liberal Democracy in Hungary". Bloomberg Businessweek.
  26. ↑ Mutalib, Hussin (2000). "Illiberal Democracy and the Future of Opposition in Singapore". Third World Quarterly. 21 (2): 313–342. doi:10.1080/01436590050004373. ISSN 0143-6597. JSTOR 3993422.
  27. ↑ Zakaria, Fareed (2007-10-17). The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad (dalam bahasa Inggeris) (ed. Revised). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-33152-3.
  28. ↑ "What in the World: Turkey's transition into an illiberal democracy". CNN.
  29. ↑ "Which country has the most illiberal democracy in the world?". erikmeyersson.com. 18 June 2015. Dicapai pada 22 October 2017.
  30. ↑ Garrido, Marco (2022). "The ground for the illiberal turn in the Philippines". Democratization. 29 (4): 673–691. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.2005586.
  31. ↑ "The Philippine election is the latest example of illiberalism's popularity". 17 May 2022.
  32. ↑ Beutler, Brian (2016-12-07). "Sorry, Conservatives, Trump's Illiberalism Is on You". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583.
  33. ↑ Chait, Jonathan (2017-09-10). "The Only Problem in American Politics Is the Republican Party". New York (dalam bahasa Inggeris).
  34. ↑ Lloyd, John (8 June 2018). "Commentary: In U.S. and EU, illiberalism in full bloom". Reuters.
  35. ↑ Borger, Julian (2020-10-26). "Republicans closely resemble autocratic parties in Hungary and Turkey – study". The Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ISSN 0261-3077.
  36. ↑ "The Republican Party has lurched towards populism and illiberalism". The Economist. 2020-10-31. ISSN 0013-0613.
  37. ↑ Norris, Pippa (2017). "Online Exchange on "Democratic Deconsolidation" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 12.
  38. ↑ Populism in Europe and the Americas: threat or corrective for democracy?. Mudde, Cas,, Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2012. ISBN 9781139424233. OCLC 795125118.CS1 maint: others (link)
  39. ↑ Berman, Sheri (2017). "The Pipe Dream of Undemocratic Liberalism". Journal of Democracy. 28 (3): 29–38. doi:10.1353/jod.2017.0041. ISSN 1086-3214.
  40. ↑ Berman, Sheri (2017). "The Pipe Dream of Undemocratic Liberalism". Journal of Democracy. 28 (3): 29–38. doi:10.1353/jod.2017.0041. ISSN 1086-3214.
  41. ↑ Halperin, M. H., Siegle, J. T. & Weinstein, M. M., 2005 The Democracy Advantage: How Democracies Promote Prosperity and Peace. Routledge. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-415-95052-7.
  42. ↑ Levitsky, Steven & Lucan Way, April 2002. ’Assessing the Quality of Democracy‘, Journal of Democracy, 13.2, pp. 51–65
  43. ↑ Sadurski, Wojciech (2019). "Illiberal Democracy or Populist Authoritarianism?". Poland's Constitutional Breakdown. Oxford University Press. m/s. 242–66. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198840503.003.0009. ISBN 978-0-19-884050-3.
  44. ↑ Plattner, Marc (March 1998). "Liberalism and democracy: Can't have one without the other". Foreign Affairs. 77 (2): 171–80. doi:10.2307/20048858. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20048858. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 April 2005.
  45. ↑ Miller, Michael K. (2015-10-01). "Electoral Authoritarianism and Human Development". Comparative Political Studies (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 48 (12): 1526–62. doi:10.1177/0010414015582051. ISSN 0010-4140.

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